
Original Choice A: I wonder if it’s like Tanabata…
EN Choice A: Wishing on stars isn’t uncommon.
Original Choice B: Isn’t that Tanabata…?
EN Choice B: We make wishes on certain special occasions back home, too.
The holiday “Tanabata” might not be very well known amongst the target audience for the English adaptation of the game, so it makes sense that these options were rewritten.
Tanabata is based on a folklore story from China. There are many versions of it, but to summarize one of the more common:

Orihime and Hikoboshi were a couple that were brought together by Orihime’s father and got married, but they liked each other so much that they abandoned their other responsibilities (weaving for Orihime, cow-herding for Hikoboshi).
Orhime’s father separated them on either side of the Milky Way to force them back to work, only allowing them to meet on the 7th day of the 7th month.
The first time they tried to reunite there was no bridge, so a flock of magpies came and made a bridge of their wings.
Rain on July 7th is sometimes referred to as “the tears of Orihime and Hikoboshi” because it is said that if it rains, the river (aka the Milky Way) rises too much for the magpies to be able to help, so the couple cannot meet.
So that is where the “rain on this day is bad news” part might come from in Twst’s Wish Upon a Star event.

Hanging stars on trees might have also been inspired by Tanabata, as it also involves writing wishes on strips of paper and hanging them on bamboo.

Tokyo Disneyland and Disney Sea sometimes celebrate the Tanabata Festival with a parade, with Minnie dressed as Orihime and Mickey as Hikoboshi.

Original Idia: Uh, yeah, there’s no “wishing upon stars” once you become a high school student.
EN Idia: Uh, yeah, ‘cause we’re not in middle school.

Original Trey: Men in particular can feel embarrassed and not want to…
EN Trey: A lot of people are too embarrassed to get up in front of others and…

Original Jade: I wish to become capable of granting Floyd’s and Azul’s wishes.
EN Jade: I wish for Azul and Floyd’s wishes to come true.

Original Deuce: Okay, so…you’re from a cold place in the northern part of the Shaftlands, right?
EN Deuce: Okay, so…you’re from a cold place that’s farther north than the Shaftlands, right?

The English game’s version of this line seems to insinuate that Jack is from a country that is father north than the Shaftlands rather than from the Shaftlands themselves.
Jack is from the Shaftlands, as are Cater, Trein, Vargas, Vil and Epel.